Memory impairment tends to increase with age. The underlying etiology of memory loss must be differentiated on the basis of duration of memory loss, presence of anterograde amnesia or retrograde amnesia, associated features, and cognitive impairment. Less common cause of amnesia are childhood sexual abuse, traumatic incident, hypoxia, psychological trauma, thiamine deficiency, alcohol abuse, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, Parkinson's disease, benzodiazepines, hypoglycemia, stroke, electroconvulsive therapy. Common causes of amnesia include medications, head trauma, depression and aging.
Amnesia results from damage to different memory centers in the brain, such as the medial temporal lobe and the hippocampus, which are involved in acquiring and restoring memory. Reactivation of these neurons occur when patient tries to recall those memories. Richard Semon in 1904 described that experiences cause some changes in the neurons and these changes are referred to as engram and they form memory of the particular experience in those neurons. Other types of amnesia are Psychological including repressive amnesia and dissociative fugue, infantile amnesia, neurological amnesia ( Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease), post- traumatic Amnesia, drug-Induced Amnesia, transient global amnesia, amnesia due to nutritional deficiency ( thiamine, vitamin B12). Memory can also be divided into two groups depending on the duration, short-term memory and long-term memory. Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory prior to the onset of amnesia and anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memory. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S OverviewĪmnesia can be divided into two broad groups, retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia. Risk calculators and risk factors for Amnesia overviewĮditor-In-Chief: C. Natural History, Complications and PrognosisĪmerican Roentgen Ray Society Images of Amnesia overviewĪll Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Differentiating Amnesia from other Diseases
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